The regulatory framework adopted by India between 1947
The regulatory framework adopted by India between 1947 and 1990, often referred to as the “License Raj,” aimed to direct economic activity. While it had certain intended benefits, what was a significant unintended negative consequence often associated with this system?
1947 और 1990 के बीच भारत द्वारा अपनाए गए विनियामक ढांचे को अक्सर ” लाइसेंस राज” के रूप में संदर्भित किया जाता है, जिसका उद्देश्य आर्थिक गतिविधि को निर्देशित करना था। हालाँकि इसके कुछ इच्छित लाभ थे, लेकिन इस प्रणाली से अक्सर जुड़ा एक महत्वपूर्ण अनपेक्षित नकारात्मक परिणाम क्या था?
Detailed Solution & Logic
The creation of barriers to entry for new businesses potentially stifling innovation and leading to inefficiencies./ नए व्यवसायों के प्रवेश में बाधाएं उत्पन्न होने से नवाचार में बाधा उत्पन्न हो सकती है तथा अकुशलताएं पैदा हो सकती हैं।
🟢 Explanation
The “License Raj” refers to the system of strict government regulations, permits, and licenses that controlled industrial and economic activities in India from 1947 to 1990.
Although the system aimed to ensure planned development, balanced growth, and prevention of monopolies, an important unintended negative consequence was:
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Businesses needed multiple government approvals to start or expand.
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Entry of new entrepreneurs became difficult.
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Excessive bureaucracy slowed decision-making.
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Innovation and efficiency were reduced due to lack of competition.
Economic activity was heavily regulated under policies guided by institutions such as the Planning Commission.
🟢 व्याख्या
“लाइसेंस राज” भारत में 1947 से 1990 के बीच लागू वह व्यवस्था थी, जिसमें उद्योग और व्यापार शुरू करने या बढ़ाने के लिए सरकार से अनेक लाइसेंस और अनुमतियाँ लेना अनिवार्य था।
हालाँकि इसका उद्देश्य योजनाबद्ध आर्थिक विकास और संसाधनों का नियंत्रण था, लेकिन इसका एक बड़ा अनपेक्षित नकारात्मक परिणाम यह रहा:
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नए उद्योगों के लिए प्रवेश कठिन हो गया।
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अत्यधिक सरकारी नियंत्रण और कागजी प्रक्रिया बढ़ गई।
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प्रतिस्पर्धा कम होने से नवाचार (Innovation) प्रभावित हुआ।
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उद्योगों में अकुशलता (Inefficiency) बढ़ी।
यह व्यवस्था उस समय की नियोजित अर्थव्यवस्था नीतियों का हिस्सा थी, जिन्हें Planning Commission के माध्यम से लागू किया जाता था।
⭐ Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य
🔹 License Raj ended gradually after the 1991 Economic Liberalization reforms.
🔹 Liberalization reduced licensing requirements and opened markets to competition.
🔹 These reforms helped increase private investment, entrepreneurship, and global trade participation.
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