Article 31B was introduced to protect which

📘 Explanation

Article 31B was added to the Constitution of India by the First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951.

Its main purpose was to protect land reform laws from being challenged in courts on the ground of violation of Fundamental Rights. Many land reform measures aimed at abolishing the zamindari system were facing legal challenges, so Article 31B placed such laws under the Ninth Schedule, making them immune from judicial review (initially).

📘 व्याख्या

अनुच्छेद 31B को 1951 के प्रथम संविधान संशोधन द्वारा भारतीय संविधान में जोड़ा गया था।

इसका मुख्य उद्देश्य भूमि सुधार कानूनों को अदालतों में चुनौती से बचाना था। उस समय जमींदारी प्रथा समाप्त करने और भूमि वितरण से जुड़े कई कानूनों को मौलिक अधिकारों के आधार पर अदालत में चुनौती दी जा रही थी, इसलिए इन्हें नौवीं अनुसूची (Ninth Schedule) में रखकर सुरक्षा प्रदान की गई।

🧠 Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य

⭐ Article 31B works together with the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution.
⭐ Initially, 13 laws were placed in the Ninth Schedule.
⭐ Later, the Supreme Court ruled that even Ninth Schedule laws can be reviewed if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution.
⭐ Land reforms helped reduce feudal land ownership after independence.