What was the central theme of the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956?
What was the central theme of the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956?
1956 के औद्योगिक नीति प्रस्ताव (Industrial Policy Resolution) का मुख्य विषय क्या था?
Detailed Solution & Logic
State control of commanding heights of the economy/ अर्थव्यवस्था के महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्रों पर राज्य का नियंत्रण
The Industrial Policy Resolution 1956 laid the foundation of India’s mixed economy. Its central theme was that the state should control the “commanding heights” of the economy, such as heavy industries, infrastructure, and strategic sectors like steel, electricity, and transportation.
This policy aimed to ensure planned economic growth, reduce inequality, and promote social welfare by giving the government a dominant role in industrial development.
औद्योगिक नीति संकल्प 1956 ने भारत की मिश्रित अर्थव्यवस्था की नींव रखी। इसका मुख्य उद्देश्य था कि अर्थव्यवस्था के “कमांडिंग हाइट्स” (मुख्य क्षेत्रों) जैसे भारी उद्योग, बुनियादी ढांचा और इस्पात, बिजली, परिवहन जैसे रणनीतिक क्षेत्रों पर राज्य का नियंत्रण हो।
इस नीति का लक्ष्य नियोजित आर्थिक विकास, असमानता को कम करना और सामाजिक कल्याण को बढ़ावा देना था, जिसमें सरकार की भूमिका प्रमुख रही।
- The Industrial Policy Resolution 1956 categorized industries into three schedules:
- Schedule A: Completely reserved for the public sector (e.g., defense, atomic energy, railways)
- Schedule B: Gradually expanded public sector with private participation
- Schedule C: Fully open to the private sector
- It strengthened the concept of a mixed economy in India, combining both public and private sectors.
- The policy was influenced by the idea of socialist planning and long-term economic development.
- औद्योगिक नीति संकल्प 1956 ने उद्योगों को तीन श्रेणियों में बाँटा:
- श्रेणी A: पूरी तरह सरकारी क्षेत्र के लिए आरक्षित (जैसे रक्षा, परमाणु ऊर्जा, रेलवे)
- श्रेणी B: जहाँ सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र का विस्तार हो सकता था और निजी क्षेत्र की भागीदारी भी थी
- श्रेणी C: पूरी तरह निजी क्षेत्र के लिए खुला
- इस नीति ने भारत में मिश्रित अर्थव्यवस्था (Mixed Economy) की अवधारणा को मजबूत किया।
- यह नीति समाजवादी नियोजन और दीर्घकालिक आर्थिक विकास के विचार से प्रभावित थी।
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