What was the state of India’s industrial sector in 1947?
What was the state of India’s industrial sector in 1947?
1947 में भारत के औद्योगिक क्षेत्र की स्थिति क्या थी?
Detailed Solution & Logic
Underdeveloped and focused on traditional industries/अविकसित और पारंपारिक उद्योगों पर केंद्रित
📝 Explanation (English)
At the time of India’s independence in 1947, the industrial sector was underdeveloped. The economy was primarily agriculture-based, and most industries were small-scale and traditional, such as handloom weaving, handicrafts, and cottage industries.
Key points about India’s industrial sector in 1947:
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Limited heavy industries: Few iron, steel, and machinery factories.
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Low technological development: Industrial processes were outdated.
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Regional imbalance: Industrialization was concentrated in places like Bengal, Bombay, and Madras, while much of the country remained agrarian.
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Focus on traditional industries: Cottage and artisanal industries dominated employment.
This underdeveloped industrial base was one of the main reasons why India adopted planned economic development after independence, starting with the First Five-Year Plan (1951–56).
📝 व्याख्या (Hindi)
1947 में भारत का औद्योगिक क्षेत्र अविकसित था।
अर्थव्यवस्था मुख्य रूप से कृषि पर आधारित थी और अधिकांश उद्योग पारंपरिक और कुटीर उद्योगों (हथकरघा, हस्तशिल्प, बुनाई आदि) पर केंद्रित थे।
मुख्य बिंदु:
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भारी उद्योगों का अभाव: इस्पात, लोहे और मशीनरी के बड़े कारखाने कम थे।
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कम तकनीकी विकास: औद्योगिक प्रक्रियाएं पुरानी थीं।
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क्षेत्रीय असंतुलन: उद्योग मुख्यतः बंगाल, बॉम्बे और मद्रास में थे, बाकी देश कृषि प्रधान था।
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पारंपरिक उद्योगों पर निर्भरता: रोजगार का मुख्य स्रोत कुटीर और हस्तशिल्प उद्योग थे।
इस कारण से स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत ने योजनाबद्ध आर्थिक विकास अपनाया, जैसे पहला पंचवर्षीय योजना (1951–56), ताकि औद्योगिक विकास को बढ़ावा दिया जा सके।
⭐ Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य
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Swadeshi Movement (1905–1908) ने पहले ही पारंपरिक उद्योगों को बढ़ावा दिया था।
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British colonial policy ने भारी उद्योगों और आधुनिक तकनीक के विकास में बाधा डाली।
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1947 में भारत की औद्योगिक उत्पादन क्षमता केवल 2–3% थी।
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Major industries like textiles, sugar, and jute dominated the industrial landscape.
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