Which economic system dominated India on the eve of independence (in 1947)?
Which economic system dominated India on the eve of independence (in 1947)?
स्वतंत्रता (1947) के समय भारत में कौन-सी आर्थिक प्रणाली प्रमुख थी?
Detailed Solution & Logic
Colonial agrarian economy/औपनिवेशिक कृषक अर्थव्यवस्था
📘 Explanation
On the eve of independence in 1947, India’s economy was primarily a colonial agrarian economy shaped by British rule. Under British Empire, India’s economic structure was designed to serve colonial interests—focusing on agriculture, raw material supply, and limited industrial development.
Most of the population depended on agriculture, but productivity was low and farmers faced heavy taxes and exploitation.
1947 में स्वतंत्रता के समय भारत की अर्थव्यवस्था मुख्यतः औपनिवेशिक कृषक अर्थव्यवस्था थी, जो ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य के प्रभाव में विकसित हुई थी।
इस व्यवस्था में भारत को कच्चा माल देने और कृषि पर आधारित बनाए रखा गया, जबकि औद्योगिक विकास बहुत सीमित था। अधिकांश लोग कृषि पर निर्भर थे, लेकिन उत्पादकता कम और शोषण अधिक था।
📌 Extra Facts (Bilingual)
1. Deindustrialization / औद्योगिक पतन:
- Traditional industries like textiles declined during British rule.
- ब्रिटिश शासन में पारंपरिक उद्योग (जैसे वस्त्र उद्योग) का पतन हुआ।
2. Export Pattern / निर्यात पैटर्न:
- India exported raw materials and imported finished goods.
- भारत कच्चा माल निर्यात करता था और तैयार वस्तुएँ आयात करता था।
3. Poverty / गरीबी:
- High poverty and low per capita income were major issues.
- अत्यधिक गरीबी और कम प्रति व्यक्ति आय बड़ी समस्याएँ थीं।
4. Post-Independence Change / स्वतंत्रता के बाद बदलाव:
- After 1947, India adopted a planned economic system.
- 1947 के बाद भारत ने नियोजित अर्थव्यवस्था अपनाई।
❌ Why Other Options Are Wrong
- Import substitution industrialisation: Adopted after independence
- Global free market: Not applicable under colonial rule
- Socialist planned economy: Started after independence
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