Which of the following correctly represents the relationship used in disaster risk assessment according to standard frameworks of NDMA/UNDRR ?
Which of the following correctly represents the relationship used in disaster risk assessment according to standard frameworks of NDMA/UNDRR ?
NDMA/UNDRR के मानक ढाँचों के अनुसार आपदा जोखिम आकलन में प्रयुक्त संबंध को निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विकल्प सही रूप से दर्शाता है?
Detailed Solution & Logic
Risk = (Hazard × Vulnerability × Exposure) ÷ Coping Capacity
Explanation
Disaster risk is the likelihood of loss of life, injury, damage to property, or disruption caused by a hazard. According to standard disaster risk assessment frameworks, risk depends on four major factors:
- Hazard: A potentially damaging event such as a flood, earthquake, cyclone, drought, or landslide.
- Exposure: The people, infrastructure, property, and economic activities located in hazard-prone areas.
- Vulnerability: The degree to which a community or system is susceptible to damage.
- Coping Capacity: The ability of people, institutions, and systems to manage and recover from disasters.
Risk increases when hazard, exposure, or vulnerability increases. However, better coping capacity reduces the overall risk.
Risk = (Hazard × Vulnerability × Exposure) ÷ Coping Capacity
NDMA और UNDRR के आपदा जोखिम आकलन ढाँचों के अनुसार, आपदा जोखिम (Risk) चार प्रमुख कारकों पर निर्भर करता है:
- Hazard (खतरा) – भूकंप, बाढ़, चक्रवात, सूखा या भूस्खलन जैसी संभावित आपदाएँ।
- Exposure (अनावरण/संपर्क) – वे लोग, संपत्तियाँ और अवसंरचनाएँ जो खतरे वाले क्षेत्र में स्थित हैं।
- Vulnerability (संवेदनशीलता) – नुकसान झेलने की संभावना या कमजोरी।
- Coping Capacity (सामना करने की क्षमता) – आपदा से निपटने, प्रतिक्रिया देने और पुनर्वास की क्षमता।
खतरा, अनावरण और संवेदनशीलता बढ़ने पर जोखिम बढ़ता है, जबकि सामना करने की क्षमता बढ़ने पर जोखिम कम हो जाता है।
Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य
NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority) की स्थापना 2005 में Disaster Management Act, 2005 के तहत की गई थी।
NDMA का अध्यक्ष भारत का प्रधानमंत्री होता है।
UNDRR का मुख्य उद्देश्य दुनिया भर में आपदा जोखिम को कम करना और आपदा-रोधी समाज का निर्माण करना है।
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) वर्तमान वैश्विक आपदा जोखिम न्यूनीकरण ढाँचा है।
भारत में प्रमुख प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ:
- बाढ़ (Floods)
- चक्रवात (Cyclones)
- भूकंप (Earthquakes)
- सूखा (Droughts)
- भूस्खलन (Landslides)
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