The provision of Fundamental Duties described in the Indian Constitution is inspired by which of the following?

📖 Explanation:

The provision of Fundamental Duties (मूल कर्तव्य) in the Indian Constitution is inspired by the Constitution of the USSR (Soviet Union).

👉 Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 during the Emergency period.

These duties are mentioned in Part IV-A (Article 51A) of the Constitution.

📌 Why USSR?

The Constitution of the Soviet Union included a list of duties of citizens toward the state.
India adopted this idea to encourage discipline, patriotism, and national responsibility among citizens.

📜 Important Facts About Fundamental Duties

🔹 Originally:

• Added in 1976

• Initially 10 Fundamental Duties

🔹 Now:

• Total 11 Fundamental Duties

• The 11th duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002

  • Duty of parents/guardians to provide education to children (6–14 years)

🧾 List of Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

Some important duties:

1. To respect the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem

2. To protect the sovereignty and integrity of India

3. To promote harmony and brotherhood

4. To protect the environment

5. To safeguard public property

6. To develop scientific temper

❌ Why Other Options Are Wrong?

• 🇫🇷 France – Concept of Republic and Liberty

• 🇺🇸 USA – Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review

• 🇨🇦 Canada – Federal system with strong Centre

✔ Fundamental Duties specifically inspired by USSR Constitution.