Which subatomic particle has a negative charge but negligible mass?
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge but negligible mass?
किस अवपरमाणुक कण पर ऋणात्मक आवेश होता है लेकिन द्रव्यमान नगण्य होता है?
Detailed Solution & Logic
Electron/ इलेक्ट्रॉन
Explanation
The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge (−1) and has a very small mass compared to other particles in the atom.
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The mass of an electron is about $9.11 \times 10^{-31}$ kg, which is approximately 1/1836 the mass of a proton.
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Because its mass is extremely small compared to protons and neutrons, it is often considered negligible in many basic calculations.
Why other options are incorrect:
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Neutron: Has no charge (neutral) and has significant mass.
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Nucleons: This term refers collectively to protons and neutrons present in the nucleus.
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Proton: Has a positive charge (+1) and much larger mass than an electron.
Extra Facts:
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The electron was discovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897.
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Electrons move in energy levels (shells) around the nucleus of an atom.
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The movement of electrons is responsible for electric current and chemical bonding.
व्याख्या
इलेक्ट्रॉन एक ऐसा अवपरमाणुक कण है जिस पर ऋणात्मक आवेश (−1) होता है और इसका द्रव्यमान बहुत कम होता है।
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इलेक्ट्रॉन का द्रव्यमान लगभग $9.11 \times 10^{-31}$ किलोग्राम होता है।
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यह प्रोटॉन के द्रव्यमान का लगभग 1/1836 भाग होता है, इसलिए इसका द्रव्यमान बहुत छोटा माना जाता है।
अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:
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न्यूट्रॉन: इस पर कोई आवेश नहीं होता और इसका द्रव्यमान अधिक होता है।
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न्यूक्लिऑन: यह शब्द प्रोटॉन और न्यूट्रॉन दोनों के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।
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प्रोटॉन: इस पर धनात्मक आवेश (+1) होता है और इसका द्रव्यमान इलेक्ट्रॉन से काफी अधिक होता है।
अतिरिक्त तथ्य:
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इलेक्ट्रॉन की खोज J. J. Thomson ने 1897 में की थी।
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इलेक्ट्रॉन परमाणु के नाभिक के चारों ओर ऊर्जा स्तरों (कक्षाओं) में घूमते हैं।
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इलेक्ट्रॉनों की गति से ही विद्युत धारा और रासायनिक अभिक्रियाएँ संभव होती हैं।
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