What was the major impact of British policies on Indian handicrafts?
What was the major impact of British policies on Indian handicrafts?
भारतीय हस्तशिल्प पर ब्रिटिश नीतियों का प्रमुख प्रभाव क्या था?
Detailed Solution & Logic
Decline due to competition with British goods/ब्रिटिश वस्तुओं से प्रतिस्पर्धा के कारण गिरावट
📝 Explanation (English)
During British rule in India, the handicrafts sector suffered greatly due to colonial economic policies:
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Flood of British manufactured goods:
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Machine-made textiles and goods from Britain were cheaper and mass-produced, outcompeting traditional Indian artisans.
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High taxes and tariffs:
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British policies often imposed high taxes on Indian handicrafts while encouraging imports of British products.
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Decline of cottage industries:
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Traditional crafts like handloom weaving, pottery, metalwork, and embroidery saw a sharp decline.
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Economic exploitation:
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India became primarily a supplier of raw materials (like cotton) for British industries, while finished goods from Britain dominated the Indian market.
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Result: Indian handicrafts declined, leading to widespread unemployment among artisans.
📝 व्याख्या (Hindi)
ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान भारतीय हस्तशिल्प उद्योग पर नीतिगत और आर्थिक नीतियों का नकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ा।
मुख्य बिंदु:
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ब्रिटिश वस्तुओं की बाढ़:
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मशीन निर्मित ब्रिटिश वस्तुएँ सस्ती और बड़े पैमाने पर बनती थीं, जिससे भारतीय कारीगरों की पारंपरिक वस्तुओं की प्रतिस्पर्धा करना कठिन हो गया।
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उच्च कर और आयात नीति:
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भारतीय हस्तशिल्प पर भारी कर लगाए गए, जबकि ब्रिटिश उत्पादों के आयात को बढ़ावा दिया गया।
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कुटीर उद्योगों का पतन:
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हाथ से बने वस्त्र, बर्तन, धातु के काम और कढ़ाई जैसे पारंपरिक उद्योगों में गिरावट आई।
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आर्थिक शोषण:
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भारत कच्चे माल (जैसे कपास) का मुख्य आपूर्तिकर्ता बन गया, जबकि ब्रिटिश उत्पाद बाजार में हावी रहे।
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परिणाम: भारतीय हस्तशिल्प का उद्योग गंभीर रूप से गिरावट की ओर चला गया और कारीगर बेरोजगार हो गए।
⭐ Extra Facts / अतिरिक्त तथ्य
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Swadeshi Movement (1905–1908) ने ब्रिटिश वस्तुओं का विरोध कर भारतीय हस्तशिल्प को बढ़ावा देने की कोशिश की।
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भारत में खादी और हथकरघा उद्योग की स्थापना महात्मा गांधी ने आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता के लिए की।
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कुछ प्रमुख प्रभावित उद्योग: धोती, साड़ी, जड़ी-बूटियां, मिट्टी और धातु के बर्तन।
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ब्रिटिश नीतियों के कारण ही 19वीं शताब्दी में भारत का पारंपरिक उद्योग लगभग समाप्त होने के कगार पर पहुँच गया।
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